The Zoetrope (1834 introduced by William George Horner)
Sequential images are painted on a paper stripe. This paper stripe is put in a revolving drum. When the drum revolved people could look through the slots in the drum and have the illusion of motion. Similarly film creates this illusion by having one image then black then image then black again.
on the left you can see the animation on a Zoetrope strip
on the right you see how the animation looks when the Zoetrope spins
EXERCISE: You can make your own Zoetrope by following the instructions you will find at:
http://www.groeg.de/puzzles/zoetrope.html
http://www.randommotion.com/html/zoe2.html